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The radio therapy process planning
Slavíček, Tomáš ; Kolářová, Jana (referee) ; Hrozek, Jan (advisor)
This thesis aims to bring reader to the problems of radiotherapy, to give him an overview of basic principles and methods used to treat patients with cancer by ionizing radiation. The first part is devoted to the physical description of radiation and means of quantification. Interactions of radiation with matter are discussed next following with characterization of radiation effects on living cells and tissues. In the next part there is a description of the devices used in the treatment by ionizing radiation and an explanation of the various acts of patient's preparation from the target localization to irradiation. The final chapter describes created program with a graphical environment, which includes the key elements of commercial planning systems for the creation of the irradiation plan. This program uses real CT images and provides the user a basic idea of creating radiotherapeutic plan. The user has several functions for creating and optimizing the plan. The output of the program is a graphical representation of the spatial distribution of dose in the patient's body.
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Radiotherapy planning
Požár, Pavel ; Sekora, Jiří (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
This thesis deals with analysis of characteristics of ionising radiation. The equipments used for irradiation of pathologic findings are described. The thesis contains particular stages of planning algorithm with list of individual actions. Practical part contains a description of application made for irradiation simulation which includes brief explanation of working procedure with program. It also contains a description of individual functions of this application.
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Radiotherapy
Šipka, Petr ; Janoušek, Oto (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
The goal of this thesis is to familiarize readers with the basics of the problem of electromagnetic and ionizing radiation, with its effects on a biological tissues and with types of ionizing radiations used in a therapy. It deals with a medical procedures in therapy planning and with procedures during therapy itself. Part of this Bachelor’s thesis is an application Radiation Calculator processed in MatLab software. Application is modeling the resulting radiation field while setting various parameters.
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Design of Accelerator for Oncological Therapy
Zbořil, Jan ; Siebert, Petr (referee) ; John, David (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis is the design of linear accelerator for oncology treatment. The design focuses on the improvement of the aesthethical side of the accelator, but also comes up with inventional solutions how to improve the radiation treatment of oncology patients to higher the chances of successful treatment of cancer.
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Radiotherapy planning
Bučina, Peter ; Janoušek, Oto (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
The project describes the issue of ionizing radiation and its use in treatment of malignant tumors and nonvirulent. It discusses the main parameters affecting treatment and some methods of radiotherapy planning. The main representation in stereotactical radiosurgery has Leksell´s gamma knife based on izocentrical method of irradiation that is intended for treatment of tumors in the brain. Created user application in MATLAB enables modeling of irradiation target field analogous to Leksell´s gama knife.
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Prediction of radiotherapy response in rectal cancer by MR
Chmela, Radek ; Nohel, Michal (referee) ; Mézl, Martin (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of predicting the response of rectal cancer to radiotherapy. The work is divided into four chapters. In the first two, the anatomy of the rectum, types of cancer and individual diagnostic methods are described, together with algorithms for detecting objects in images. In the third chapter, there is a description of the solution for automatic segmentation and prediction of the effectiveness of radiotherapy. In the fourth chapter, the achieved results are discussed.
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Synthesis of phosphono-bis(phosphinate) cyclam derivative
Chrappa, Michal ; Hermann, Petr (advisor) ; Veselý, Jan (referee)
Radiopharmaceuticals containing copper isotopes can be used as diagnostic tools (methods PET, SPECT) or agents for tumour treatment. Copper radionuclides must be applied into the organism in the form of a coordination compound with suitable ligand. Derivatives of 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (cyclam) are some of the most suitable ligands for Cu (II). A coordination compound must be thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert, the ligand must coordinate the metal ion as quickly as possible. In this Diploma thesis, one of the first unsymmetrically substituted derivatives of cyclam has been synthesized using two methods of orthogonal protection. The synthesized ligand contains one phosphonate and one methylene bis(phosphinate) pendant arm. Copper complex of the ligand was prepared, and its acid assisted dissociation kinetics were studied.
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Prediction of radiotherapy response in rectal cancer by MR
Chmela, Radek ; Nohel, Michal (referee) ; Mézl, Martin (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of predicting the response of rectal cancer to radiotherapy. The work is divided into four chapters. In the first two, the anatomy of the rectum, types of cancer and individual diagnostic methods are described, together with algorithms for detecting objects in images. In the third chapter, there is a description of the solution for automatic segmentation and prediction of the effectiveness of radiotherapy. In the fourth chapter, the achieved results are discussed.
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Modern radiotherapeutic treatment of lung tumors
ŽÁKOVÁ, Klára
In its theoretical part, the bachelor's thesis describes the anatomy of the respiratory system, the types of lung cancers, their symptoms, risk factors and possible treatment. It mainly focuses on lung radiotherapy itself and lung irradiation techniques with regard to the current technical possibilities of radiotherapy. The practical part is represented by the analysis of data from a questionnaire survey examining, in particular, the frequency of the presence of risk factors in patients with lung cancer treated at the RTO of the České Budějovice Hospital. The research part was treatment by questionnaire, the group of patients consisted of a total of 60 respondents. The obtained data were subsequently evaluated with MS Excel tools. In addition to the presence of smoking as the main risk factor, attention was also paid to other risk factors, e.g. occupational stress, general lifestyle or long-term residence in areas with increased radon content in the subsoil. The results confirmed that long-term tobacco smoking remains the most represented risk factor. The processing of answers from the questionnaire also ensures the assumption that a non-negligible risk is also a long-term stay in areas with an increased radon index. The bachelor's thesis can serve as a comprehensive study material for future radiology assistants as an overview of modern lung cancer radiation treatment. But it can also be used in professional articles in magazines, or be a source of information for those interested in this topic.
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Male breast cancer
PEŠLOVÁ, Lucie
The topic of this bachelor's thesis is carcinoma in men's breasts. Breast's carcinoma belongs to one of the most tumour disease of women. Tumours of mammary gland could affect even men, even though it is relatively rare. Approximate ratio of women and men tumour in breasts is 100:1. Due to its rareness in men population, significant part of the patients does not even realise that they could be affected by breast carcinoma. This type of ignorance could be the reason of late diagnosis of the disease and even a worse prognosis. The first part of the bachelor's thesis is focused on theoretical information with a description of a breast's anatomy, a brief overview of tumorous diseases and its classification and dividing. Subsequently it pays attention to high-risk factors, particular machinery used for detecting of the disease. It also includes the therapy of breast carcinoma itself including specific information about radiotherapy. The theoretical section is constructed from specialized publications, articles, and internet websites by literary research. The practical part of the bachelor's thesis has two main goals. First of them is to find out the exact rate of men awareness about breast carcinoma with directing it on their knowledge of possible occurrence of this illness in men's population and potential symptoms and treatment. An anonymous form with 21 questions was made to find out the results needed for this thesis. In this questionnaire 58 men have participated in total. The second aim of the thesis was to preform an analysis of the number of men and women, whom was breast carcinoma detected in the period from January 2017 till December 2021. Gained data was afterwards compared with literature, which states the approximate ratio between men and women breast disease 100:1. The data for the practical part comes from computer database of 3 oncological centres, which are Oncological department Hospital České Budějovice a. s., Oncological clinic University Hospital in Prague and Oncological department Hospital Jihlava a. s. File included 30 male patients and 4075 female patients in total.
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